Pakistan is the Lovely Country

Pakistan, the 6th most populated country with a 34th position among the biggest economics of the world, is a fertile land of pures. Pakistan, basically is an agrarian society supported to some extent by the industrial one. Pakistan has a good business deals with its partner, but unlocking it imports more than the exports. Exports, moreover, are mostly composed of raw materials instead of manufactured or finished goods.
Pakistan exports lots of different items to a dozen of countries. Following is the list of exports items.


1.    Rice
2.    Cotton
3.    Household furnishings and furniture.
4.    Cotton cloths
5.    Fabrics and Carpets and Rugs
6.    Textile apparel and household furnishings
7.    Sport goods
8.    Camping apparel
9.    Footwear and gears
10.    Toys
11.    Bicycles
12.    Fans
13.    Cook wares
14.    House and garden wares
15.    Leather bags
16.    Chemical
17.    Dates, mangoes, oranges and vegetables
18.    Cement

Introduction

Mangoes are produced in over 90 countries worldwide. Asia accounts for approximately 77% of global mango production, and the Americas and Africa account for approximately 13% and 9%, respectively.

Global Mango Production, Imports, and Consumption

In 2010, world production of mango was estimated at 28.51 million metric tons. Between 2001 and 2010, production grew at an average annual rate of 2.6%. Table 1 shows the world's top ten mango producing countries, which account for about 85% of the world's mango production.

Table 1. 

World's top ten mango producers, 2001-2010.

Countries	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2008–2010
	(1,000 metric tons)										(%)
India	11,000	11,000	10,230	9,780	10,500	10,060	10,640	10,780	10,800	10,800	38.58
China	2,074	2,410	2,562	3,127	3,211	3,273	3,513	3,571	3,582	3,673	12.90
Thailand	1,181	1,198	1,088	1,462	1,633	1,700	1,700	1,700	1,700	1,800	6.20
Mexico	1,189	1,500	1,474	1,508	1,559	1,577	1,523	1,362	1,573	1,679	5.50
Indonesia	783	1,088	600	827	876	923	1,403	1,526	1,438	1,478	5.29
Pakistan	908	914	917	916	938	990	1,037	1,035	1,056	1,674	4.48
Brazil	593	508	469	456	538	782	842	1,254	1,358	1,000	4.30
Philippines	898	1,005	945	866	848	882	956	1,006	968	985	3.53
Nigeria	656	689	731	729	730	730	730	730	730	730	2.61
Egypt	203	231	223	287	299	325	287	319	375	380	1.28
Others	3,248	3,230	3,347	3,656	3,597	3,731	4,001	4,327	4,242	4,308	15.34
World Total	22,733	23,773	22,584	22,584	24,730	24,973	26,634	27,609	27,822	28,508	100.00

India is the largest producer of mangoes, accounting for 38.6% of world production from 2008 to 2010. During that period, India's mango crop averaged 10.79 million metric tons, followed by China and Thailand at 3.61 million metric tons (12.9%) and 1.73 million metric tons (6.2%), respectfully. Other leading mango producers during the 2003 to 2005 period include Mexico (5.5%), Indonesia (5.3%), Pakistan (4.5%), Brazil (4.3%), the Philippines (3.5%), Nigeria (2.6%), and Egypt (1.3%).

Although currently only 3% of the world production of mango is traded globally, this represents a noticeable increase over the quantities traded 20 years ago. In terms of distribution, Mexico, Brazil, Peru, Ecuador, and Haiti supply the majority of mango imports to the North American market. India and Pakistan are the predominant suppliers to the West Asian market. The Philippines and Thailand supply most of the Southeast Asian market. The European Union mainly buys mangoes from South America and Asia.

In 2010, world exports of mangoes reached 912,853 metric tons, totaling US $543.10 million.Table 2 shows the top ten mango exporting countries. India replaced Mexico as the largest producer of mangoes in 2005. For the 2003 to 2005 period, Mexico and India dominated the export trade with shares of 22.6% and 20.3%, respectively, followed by Brazil (13.2%) and Pakistan (6.9%). Other major exporters include the Netherlands (major re-exporter), Peru, Ecuador, the Philippines, Thailand, and China.

Table 2. 

World's top ten mango exporting countries, 2001-2010.

Countries	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2008–2010
	(1,000 metric tons)										(%)
Mexico	148	187	209	204	207	195	195	216	213	195	22.64
India	27	45	47	38	39	46	42	179	156	223	20.25
Brazil	24	23	39	54	67	94	104	138	111	114	13.18
Pakistan	18	25	39	41	48	52	48	60	82	49	6.94
Netherlands	21	25	17	37	34	43	33	58	51	69	6.42
Peru	11	6	11	20	21	27	35	40	60	58	5.71
Ecuador	0	2	7	0	26	34	30	38	41	40	4.31
Philippines	40	45	53	35	40	39	36	38	36	25	3.61
Thailand	8	9	10	10	9	11	9	8	33	2	1.55
China	12	7	9	10	5	5	15	22	10	4	1.31
Others	80	104	87	103	132	121	127	126	127	135	14.08
World Total	391	478	529	552	628	666	673	923	920	913	100.00

World imports of mangoes increased from 397,623 metric tons in 1996 to 826,584 metric tons in 2005. As the number one importer of mangoes during the 2003 to 2005 period, the United States imported 271,848 metric tons, or approximately one-third of total mango imports (Table 3).

Table 3. 

World's top ten mango importing countries, 1996–2005.

Countries	2001	2002	2003	2004	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2008–2010
	(1,000 metric tons)										(%)
United States	171	187	197	219	235	238	263	278	276	261	32.70
Netherlands	25	34	35	63	62	70	71	91	76	98	10.62
United Arab Emirates	28	37	48	48	42	46	52	62	58	51	6.82
Saudia Arabia	10	16	14	9	28	36	35	40	42	51	5.32
China	36	40	47	33	33	34	38	47	57	19	4.91
Bangladesh	5	9	0	11	21	21	14	43	37	36	4.63
United Kingdom	16	18	18	23	22	27	24	32	37	47	4.63
Germany	13	17	17	24	23	25	28	32	33	37	4.11
France	18	23	22	31	26	26	27	32	35	35	4.09
Malaysia	14	6	21	1	20	27	31	26	45	19	3.59
Others	61	68	66	84	114	106	101	142	148	173	18.58
World Total	398	454	486	545	628	656	684	825	843	827	100.00

The Netherlands imported 88,300 metric tons of mangoes (10.6%), but most of this is redistributed throughout the European Union. Other major importing redistributors of mangoes are the United Arab Emirates (6.8%) and Saudi Arabia (5.3%), with most of these imports being redistributed within the Middle East. Mango imports to China have been declining due to increased domestic production. For example, China imported 57 metric tons in 2004 and only 19 metric tons in 2005. Other noticeable importers include Bangladesh and the United Kingdom (4.6% each), Germany (4.1%), France (4.1%), and Malaysia (3.6%).

Over the last decade, prices for most mango varieties have decreased about 5% as the fruit becomes more available worldwide, but prices could increase with proper promotional

.

Concluding Remarks

Worldwide mango production occurs in over 90 countries. While only a small proportion of total mango production enters international trade (less than 4%), the volume traded has risen substantially over the last decade. Among the factors responsible for increased mango production, trade, and consumption are lower prices, year-round availability, fewer trade barriers, longer shelf life, and consumer interest. Although not a major mango producer, the United States has developed most of the popular cultivars traded on the international market, and is the largest single-country mango importer.

The word Mango is the British pronunciation of the Mankay, the Tamil word for the fruit, because it is found in most abundance in Southern India, around Madras. The mango is held in high esteem all over the world and is considered to be native of Indo-Pakistan Sub-continent and eastern Asia. They are to be found in nearly all over the tropical regions of the World, therefore known as "The King" of all fruits. Mango is cultivated around February/early March, when the cold weather begins to subside and the danger of destruction through frost disappears. It comes in market early in the May and remains in market till August/September. There are more than 1300 varieties of the mango, which are cultivated in the Indo-Pak Sub-continent. In Sindh, there are more than 125 varieties of mango. As we get mangoes from Balochistan and NWFP, but the main source are Sindh and Punjab. In Pakistan we get more than 10 lacs tons production, out of which Sindh provides 50% i.e. more than 5 lacs tons. Multan and Mirpurkhas are the main regions, where we get mangoes in large quantity. The maximum production, we get from Rahim Yar Khan, where mangoes are cultivated on more than 26 thousand acres.
The main field of mango is obtained from District Rahim Yar Khan, Rahimabad, Jamaldin wali, Sadiqabad, Shaikh Wahan, Mianwali Qureshan Zahirpur, Bagho Bahar, Tirandah Mohammad Panah of district Rahim Yar Khan are very famous for mango production. Whereas, Hyderabad, Tandojam, Tando Allahyar, Tando Jan Muhammad, Digri, Nawab Shah, Naushero Feroz, Khairpur Mirus, Ghotki, Bahawalpur, Shuja abad, MuzzaffarGarh, KoatAddu, Khanewal, Sahiwal, Vihari, Okara, Faisalabad, Jhang, Toba Tek Singh and Sargodha are also very famous for mango production. There are many varieties which are famous in Pakistan, but some varieties which are very common are: Sindhri, Langra, Chaunsa, Fajri, Samar Bahist, Anwar Ratole, Dasehri, Saroli, Tuta Pari, Neelam, Maldah, Collector, Bengan Phali, etc.
As mango is named as "King of the Fruits" similarly, Sindhri is said to be "The King of Mango", because this variety is top in Pakistan. Sindhri is yellow in colour, and test is very sweet. Sindhri mangoes were first brought by father of late Prime Minister Muhammad Khan Junejo from Bombay and then cultivated at Sindhri and it was named by his father Din Muhammad Junejo as "Sindhri". Since 1996-97, Pakistan was on 4th position, but according to Jang Midweek Magazine dated 12th July 2000, Pakistan is on 5th rank. India is still on top on the production of 12 million tons.
World Mango Production. Year-1999
Brazil 0.60 million ton.
China 2.1 million ton.
Egypt 0.23 million ton.
India 12 million ton.
Indonesia 0.60 million ton.
Mexico 1.5 million ton.
Pakistan 0.91 millionton.
Philippines 0.93 million ton.
Thailand 1.25 million ton.
World product 23.80 million ton.
In the year 1999 Pakistan exported about 40.2 thousand tons, whereas Mexico stands first in the export of 209.4 thousand tons. Here is a list of ten topmost mango producing countries of the year-l999.
Brazil 39.2 thousand tons.
France 9.0
Guatemala 10.2
Hati 7.1
Holland 17.1
India 26.7
Mexico 209.4
Pakistan 40.2
Pero 10.5
Philippines 52.5
Worldwide 509.8
The point of concern is that the yield per hectare, 10 tons on the average, is not increasing. This yield is about one-third, when compared to other mango growing countries.
Mango Factors: A number of factors are responsible for the low yield including high water table and salinity, inadequate and unbalanced fertilization and lacs of plant protection measures. The widespread problem of waterlogging and salinity is a major threat to mango cultivation and the province of Sindh is the worst affected. For successful cultivation of mango orchards, the water table must be maintained at 3 meters from the ground surface. The mango yield considerably decreases, when water table comes to the level of 1.5 meters. The desired level could be achieved by the provision of a suitable drainage system.
Mango fruit is rich in vitamins, A, B and C, and contains water, protein, sugar, fats, calcium, phosphorus, fiber and iron. Mangoes according to latest scientific research as well as of folk wisdom are known to increase the body resistance against dysentery, cholera and tuberculosis. It is said "an apple a day keeps the doctor away", this is equally to of the mango. According to our local tradition, raw mango seasoned with a pinch of salt quenches thirst and loss of iron in the body, which occurs due to excessive sweating during the sultry summer. Although Pakistan produces 10 lacs tons per year, but in export, Pakistan is quite far behind with other countries. Uptil 1950s, mango cultivation was rather scanty and a lot of commodity used to come from India, through travellers. However, in the beginning of 60s, some landlords brought strains from India and grafted them in Pakistan. Over due course of time, Pakistan over took India in mango cultivation and right now produces varieties which cater not only to the domestic market, but overseas too. The chief market of Pakistan, mangoes are the Middle Eastern countries. Pakistan also exports these mangoes to other countries like Singapore, Norway, Germany, France, Japan and South Korea.
However, since some years, unfortunately the export of this fruit is facing an uptil struggle on account of tough competition from other Asian countries mainly India. Latin American countries like Brazil having now also come into the field and Pakistan near monopoly is now being challenged. There could be many reasons for this showing down of exports. One of these reasons is the traditional manner of crop production and halfhearted efforts at research. Moreover, we should never forget that the buyers in the world market are not just interested in prices. They also want good presentation. We have to constantly watch for trends, choices and preferences of the buyers in the world markets.
Another thing, the processing should be made with the latest machines and packing should not only be fancy and eye catching but durable. It should ensure that the fruit would not rot in transit and that the quality would not diminish in the process. According to the study conducted by International Trade Centre in Geneva, Switzerland about 30 % of the food export of all over developing countries, one of which Pakistan is the one, perishes, before it reaches to the foreign market. This is because of the defective packing. Therefore, we have to improve it by all means to get more foreign exchange from other countries by exporting the good quality of mangoes.

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